the evidence of a chance witness cannot be brushed
aside simply because he is a chance witness but his
presence at the place of occurrence must be
satisfactorily explained by the prosecution so as
to make his testimony free from doubt and thus,
reliable . This Court in the case of Jarnail Singh
v. State of Punjab (2009) 9 SCC 719
has elaborately explained the
reliability of a chance witness as under:
“21. In Sachchey Lal Tiwari v. State of
U.P. this Court while considering the
evidentiary value of the chance witness
in a case of murder which had taken place
in a street and passerby had deposed that
he had witnessed the incident, observed
as under:
If the offence is committed in
a street only passer-by will be the
witness. His evidence cannot be
brushed aside lightly or viewed
with suspicion on the ground that
he was a mere chance witness.
However, there must be an
explanation for his presence there.
The Court further explained that the
expression “chance witness” is borrowed
from countries where every man's home is
considered his castle and every one must
have an explanation for his presence
elsewhere or in another man's castle. It
is quite unsuitable an expression in a
country like India where people are less
formal and more casual, at any rate in
the matter of explaining their presence.
22. The evidence of a chance witness
requires a very cautious and close
scrutiny and a chance witness must
adequately explain his presence at the
place of occurrence (Satbir v. Surat
Singh, Harjinder Singh v. State of
Gujarat, Acharaparambath Pradeepan and
Anr. v. State of Kerala and Sarvesh
Narain Shukla v. Daroga Singh).
Deposition of a chance witness whose
presence at the place of incident remains
doubtful should be discarded
(vide Shankarlal v. State of
Rajasthan).”
(emphasis supplied by this Court)
NON-REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. 952 OF 2010
BABY @ SEBASTIAN Vs. CIRCLE INSPECTOR OF POLICE,
Dated:26th July, 2016.
Citation:(2016) 13 SCC333
1. This criminal appeal is directed against the
impugned judgment and order dated 09.06.2009 in
Crl. Appeal No. 1898 of 2005 passed by the High
Court of Kerala at Ernakulam whereby it has allowed
the said criminal appeal filed by the respondent
herein, by setting aside the order of acquittal
passed by the Court of the Addl. Sessions Judge,
Thodupuzha, in Sessions Case No.461 of 2001. The
High Court convicted both the appellants for the
offence punishable under Section 302 read with
Section 34 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 (for short
‘IPC’) and has sentenced them to undergo
imprisonment for life with a fine of Rs.25,000/-
each. In default of payment of fine they shall
suffer rigorous imprisonment for two years each.
2. Brief facts of the case are stated hereunder to
appreciate the rival legal contentions urged on
behalf of the parties:
The case of the prosecution is that one young
man named Jojo (since deceased), an auto rickshaw
driver by profession, was in romantic relationship
with a minor girl named Smitha (PW-2) daughter of
the appellant no.1. The relationship between the
two was vehemently opposed by the girl’s family.
The appellant no.1 completely ruled out the
possibility of marriage between the two and
allegedly extended threats to Jojo. After having
found the strong opposition from the girl’s family
with regard to their marriage, Jojo and SmithaPage 3
3
(PW-2) planned to elope on 19.07.2000 at about 11
pm. Accordingly, both started at about 11.45 pm
from Mammattikkanam Kara. Both the appellants
sensed their plan and with a view to foil the same,
they followed and intercepted Jojo and Smitha
(PW-2).
3. Thereafter, allegedly the appellant no.1 caught
hold of the neck of Jojo and pushed him down into
the paddy field which was filled with mud and
water. He sat on his body and the appellant no.2
caught hold of his neck from back side and immersed
his face in the muddy water again and again,
thereby strangulated and killed him. Manoj (PW-1)
residing a little away from the scene of occurrence
informed the matter to one Ravi. Ravi, Secretary of
the local Gram Panchayat in turn informed the
matter to Idukki police Station, Rajakkad.
4. Soon after, the Sub-Inspector (PW-31) reached the
place of occurrence and recorded the statement of
PW-1. Thereafter, FIR No. 102 of 2000 was
registered against three persons viz., appellantPage 4
4
nos.1, 2 and one Thressiamma for offence punishable
under Section 302 read with Section 34 of IPC.
5. However, Thressiamma was discharged by the learned
Sessions Judge of all the charges against her. The
trial court commenced the trial against both the
appellants. During trial, the prosecution examined
32 witnesses to prove beyond reasonable doubt the
guilt of both the appellants on the charges. The
Trial Court after proper appreciation of evidence
on record by its judgment and order dated
13.11.2003 acquitted both the appellants of all the
charges levelled against them holding that the
prosecution case against the appellants/accused
persons is not free from reasonable doubt.
6. Aggrieved by the decision of the Trial Court the
respondent-State approached the High Court of
Kerala at Ernakulam by filing Criminal Appeal No.
1898 of 2005. The High Court by its judgment and
order dated 09.06.2009 allowed the criminal appeal
by setting aside the acquittal order passed by the
Trial Court. The High Court has convicted both the
appellants under Section 302 read with Section 34
of IPC and sentenced them to undergo imprisonment
for life with a fine of Rs. 25,000/- each. Hence,
this appeal.
7. Mr. M. Karpaga Vinayagam, the learned senior
counsel on behalf of both the appellants contended
that the High Court has erred in convicting both
the appellants without adhering to the well settled
proposition of law regarding appeal against
acquittal that the order of acquittal shall not be
generally interfered with by the appellate court in
exercise of its jurisdiction because of the
presumption of innocence of the accused who were
acquitted by the Trial Court by recording cogent
and valid reasons on proper appreciation of
evidence on record. It was further submitted by him
that the above said legal principle has to be
followed by the appellate court considering the
appeal against the judgment of acquittal, the same
can be interfered with only when there are
compelling and substantial reasons namely, the
findings and reasons recorded on the charge are
patently either perverse or erroneous in law in
order to prevent miscarriage of justice in the
case. In the present case, the Trial Court after
appreciating the evidence on record has rightly
acquitted both the appellants from the charges.
There exists no legal infirmity in the judgment
passed by the Trial Court. However, the High Court
has proceeded on surmises and conjectures and
reversed the order of acquittal without examining
the correctness of the findings and reasons
recorded by the Trial Court on proper appreciation
of evidence on record. Therefore, he submitted that
the impugned judgment and order passed by the High
Court is unsustainable in law and deserves to be
set aside in the interest of justice by this Court
in exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.
8. It was further contended by the learned senior
counsel that the High Court has grossly erred in
convicting both the appellants on the assumption
that the presence of the appellants at the scene of
occurrence as stated by PW-6 has not been disowned
by him and it stands on a better footing. It was
further submitted by him that PW-1 has not seen the
incident. In fact in his statement recorded under
Section 164 of CrPC before the court he has denied
having said to the police that he saw the
appellants or any other person at the place of
occurrence. The prosecution has not been able to
discredit the version of this witness and his
testimony stands uncontroverted. In such
circumstances the High Court has erred in holding
that the testimony of PW-1 should be disbelieved as
he was trying to help the appellants.
9. The learned senior counsel further contended that
the High Court has failed to appreciate the fact
that the testimony of PW-6 is full of
contradictions. It was submitted that the Trial
Court has rightly taken note of the fact that PW-6
after witnessing the incident did not inform the
same to anybody neither to the police nor his
family members rather the next morning he reached
the place of occurrence and on police enquiring
with the people gathered there as to whether anyone
witnessed the incident, he ventured and told the
police. The conduct of this witness in not
disclosing the fact that he has witnessed the
incident to anybody either immediately or within
reasonable time from the time of occurrence of
crime casts serious suspicion on his veracity and
reliability of his evidence. In this regard the
learned senior counsel placed reliance upon the
decision of this Court in the case of Chanan Singh
v. State of Haryana1.
10. It was further submitted by the learned senior
counsel that the High Court has erred by placing
reliance on the testimony of PW-6 without
appreciating the testimony of PW-5 which further
casts a shadow of doubt upon the evidence of PW-6
whose evidence is accepted by the appellate court
1 (1971) 3 SCC 466
for reversing the order of acquittal of both the
appellants passed by the Trial Court.
11. It was further contended by the learned senior
counsel that the High Court has failed to look into
the suspicious circumstances surrounding the case
of the prosecution. As per the statement of the
father of the deceased (PW-13), he left his house
with two bags, a gold chain and Rs. 25,000/- with
him. It is the case of the prosecution that all the
said things went missing and nothing has been
recovered. The possibility of involvement of some
third person committing the crime for money and
valuables cannot be ruled out. Therefore, the
appellant court should have given benefit of doubt
to both the appellants in the absence of any
concrete and cogent evidence to prove their
involvement in the crime.
12. It was further submitted by the learned senior
counsel that the High Court has not noted the
contradictions between the statements of PWs-13 and
16 as to the threat alleged to have been issued byPage 10
10
the appellants and their family to the deceased.
The High Court should have appreciated the fact
that PW-13 being the father of the deceased is an
interested witness and could not have been relied
upon by the High Court in the absence of
corroboration by other evidence on record. In fact,
PW-16, who is an impartial witness has contradicted
the statement of PW-13 by stating on oath that no
such threats were ever issued by the appellants or
any of their family members.
13. The learned senior counsel further contended that
the Trial Court has rightly taken note of the facts
narrated by PW-17 that he had left the locality
along with his family after the occurrence and
shifting his residence to a place 80 kms away. It
was further submitted by him that the aforesaid
strange behaviour on the part of PW-17 has to be
read with in conjunction with the fact that two
bags carried by the deceased along with a gold
chain and Rs. 25,000/- have gone missing and has
not been recovered as stated by the police. PW-17Page 11
11
did not report the occurrence to anyone and
absconded from the place of incident. His statement
was recorded by the police after 6 days of the
incident. The aforesaid fact should have been
considered by the High Court with seriousness and
carefully before accepting his evidence. The
evidence of PW-17 is completely unreliable to
record the finding of the guilt of both the
appellants.
14. It was further contended by the learned senior
counsel that in the present case, PWs
1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,18,29,20,21 and 23 did not
support the prosecution case and they were declared
as hostile witnesses. Therefore, it was highly
inappropriate on the part of the High Court to
convict both the appellants on the basis of
statements given by such aforesaid witnesses to the
police under Section 161 of CrPC alone in the
absence of any other corroborative evidence placed
on record by the prosecution. In this regardPage 12
12
reliance is placed upon the decision of this Court
in Ramswaroop v. State of Rajasthan2 and Rajendra
Singh v. State of U.P.3.
15. In his further submissions the learned senior
counsel assailed the fact of the presence of
injuries on the person of PW-2 and appellant No.2
upon which reliance is placed by the High Court in
reversing the finding of acquittal and convicting
both the appellants in the manner that the nature
of the wound on the person of PW-2 was incised
wound caused by the sharp object and it is the
specific case of PW-2 that she sustained injuries
while she was cutting grass. This statement of the
above witness has not been demolished by the
prosecution. Moreover, there is no recovery of such
sharp edged weapon from the place of occurrence or
from the house of the appellants. It is not even
the case of the prosecution that similar injuries
were found on the person of the deceased. As
regards the injuries sustained to appellant no.2,
2 (2004) 13 SCC 134
3 (2007) 7 SCC 378Page 13
13
the Court has not even gone into the nature of
injuries on his person. He further submitted that
the High Court has grossly erred in relying upon
the version of the prosecution that the injuries
could have been caused in the course of fight
between the deceased and the accused persons.
16. The learned senior counsel further contended that
the High Court should have re-appreciated the case
of prosecution that the Christmas cards and other
letters alleged to have been written by PW-2 to
Jojo have not been proved to have been sent by PW-2
as the same were never sent to handwriting expert
for examination to prove the fact that it was in
the handwriting of PW-2. In this regard he further
submitted that in the absence of any evidence to
show that the alleged letters and cards were sent
by PW-2 to the deceased-Jojo, the High Court has
erred in relying on the same to hold that both PW-2
and the deceased were in a romantic relationship
and terming the same as the reason for the incident
involving both the appellants. Page 14
14
17. While concluding his contentions the learned senior
counsel submitted that in convicting both the
appellants the High Court has ignored the settled
principles of criminal law that every person is
presumed to be innocent until proved otherwise and
the standard of proof in criminal law is ‘proof
beyond reasonable doubt’, in the guise of
protecting the credibility of the judicial system.
It has based its reasoning only to ensure that the
people in whom the investigating agencies has
reposed faith should not be allowed to turn back at
the crucial moment. The High Court has relied upon
those evidences which are completely unreliable.
Therefore, the impugned judgment and order deserves
to be set aside in the interest of justice by this
Court in exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.
18. Per Contra, Ms. Liz Mathew, the learned counsel on
behalf of the respondent sought to justify the
impugned judgment and order passed by the High
Court on the ground that the same is well foundedPage 15
15
and is not vitiated in law. It was submitted by
her that no interference of this Court is required
in exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.
19. It was contended by her that the High Court has
rightly appreciated the evidence of PW-6 in proper
perspective by holding that PW-6 took time to
disclose the incident to police for the reason that
he was a stranger to the locality. The observation
of the High Court is only an enunciation of normal
behaviour of any reasonable person which does not
require any other evidence.
20. With regard to the identification of the appellants
by PW-6, it was submitted by the learned counsel
that dock identification is substantive evidence.
This witness has clearly identified the appellants
as perpetrators of the crime. It was further
contended that since this is not a case where the
witness could only have a fleeting glance of the
accused persons, the absence of a test
identification parade does not shake thePage 16
16
prosecution case in any manner. It was further
submitted by the learned counsel that apart from
some trifling contradictions that may have arisen
on account of the long lapse of time, no material
contradictions have been brought from this witness
to shake the prosecution case despite having been
cross-examined by the defence counsel at length.
The learned counsel further submitted that when the
incident is taking place in a public place, persons
passing by are the best witnesses and therefore,
their evidence could not be discarded. In this
regard the learned counsel has placed reliance upon
the decision of this Court in Raju v. State of
Maharashtra4, para 6 of which reads thus:
“In the absence of anything elicited in
the cross-examination to indicate that
these two witnesses were interested in
the prosecution of the appellants we are
in full agreement with the above-quoted
observations of the High Court. The other
criticism levelled by the trial court
that they were chance witnesses is also
wholly unmerited for in respect of an
incident that takes place on a public
road, the passers-by would be the best
4 (1998) 1 SCC 169
witnesses. We have, therefore, no
hesitation in concluding that the claim
of the above two witnesses that they had
seen the incident cannot be disputed at
all.”
21. With regard to the credibility of evidence of
PW-17, it was submitted by the learned counsel that
PW-17 after witnessing the incident narrated the
same to a neighbour. A perusal of the testimony of
this witness reveals no concoction in his version
and therefore he is completely reliable. It was
further submitted that the reason for this witness
to leave the locality along with his family members
and shifting his residence to a place 80 kms away
from the place of occurrence has been duly
explained by him in his evidence. Being a tenant in
the premises belonging to the appellants, he moved
out of fear as the appellants had threatened to
kill him. He appeared before the police soon after
the arrest of the appellants and narrated the
incident.
22. It was further contended by the learned counsel
that the non-recovery of the baggage, gold chainPage 18
18
and Rs. 25,000/- which the deceased was carrying
can at best be stated to be a defect in the
investigation. There is nothing on record to
suggest that PW-17 has any connection with the
missing articles.
23. The learned counsel further contended that the
appellants were named in all contemporaneous
documents prepared after the occurrence, especially
the FIR which was lodged soon after the occurrence.
It is settled principle of law that prompt lodging
of FIR precludes the possibility of deliberation to
falsely implicate any person. A prompt FIR in a
criminal case and particularly in a murder case is
a vital and valuable piece of evidence. The learned
counsel has placed reliance upon the decision of
this Court in Meharaj Singh v. State of Uttar
Pradesh5.
24. While concluding her contentions the learned
counsel submitted that the statement of PW-6 is
duly corroborated by statement of PW-17 and
5 (1994) 5 SCC 188
admissible portions of testimonies of other
witnesses and medical evidence in this regard.
There is no infirmity with the impugned judgment
and order passed by the High Court which requires
interference by this Court.
25. We have heard both the parties at length and have
given our conscious thought to the material
evidence on record and the relevant provisions of
law. The question for our consideration is whether
the prosecution evidence establishes beyond
reasonable doubt the commission of the offence by
the accused-appellants under Section 302 read with
Section 34 of IPC.
26. This Court in the case of Bindeshwari Prasad
Singh alias B.P. Singh and Ors. v. State of
Bihar and Anr.
6 has held that in the absence of
manifest illegality and perversity in the trial
court’s findings and reasons resulting in grave
miscarriage of justice, the High Court is not
justified in interfering with the trial court’s
6 (2002) 6 SCC 650
order in exercise of revisional jurisdiction.
The relevant para 13 reads thus:
“13. The instant case is not one where
any such illegality was committed by the
trial court. In the absence of any legal
infirmity either in the procedure or in
the conduct of the trial, there was no
justification for the High Court to
interfere in exercise of its revisional
jurisdiction. It has repeatedly been held
that the High Court should not
re-appreciate the evidence to reach a
finding different from the trial court.
In the absence of manifest illegality
resulting in grave miscarriage of
justice, exercise of revisional
jurisdiction in such cases is not
warranted.”
(emphasis supplied by this Court)
27. Further, this Court in Sunil Kumar Sambu Dayal
Gupta & Anr. v. State of Maharashtra7 has held
that presumption of innocence is a human right.
The appellate court should not interfere with
the acquittal order passed by the trial court
merely because two views are possible in a
given case. The relevant paras 38 and 39 read
thus:
“38. It is a well-established principle
of law, consistently re-iterated and
7 (2010) 13 SCC 657
followed by this Court is that while
dealing with a judgment of acquittal, an
appellate court must consider the entire
evidence on record, so as to arrive at a
finding as to whether the views of the
trial Court were perverse or otherwise
unsustainable. Even though the appellate
court is entitled to consider, whether in
arriving at a finding of fact, the trial
Court had placed the burden of proof
incorrectly or failed to take into
consideration any admissible evidence
and/or had taken into consideration
evidence brought on record contrary to
law; the appellate court should not
ordinarily set aside a judgment of
acquittal in a case where two views are
possible, though the view of the
appellate court may be the more probable
one. The trial court which has the
benefit of watching the demeanor of the
witnesses is the best judge of the
credibility of the witnesses.
39. Every accused is presumed to be
innocent unless his guilt is proved. The
presumption of innocence is a human
right. Subject to the statutory
exceptions, the said principle forms the
basis of criminal jurisprudence in India.
The nature of the offence, its
seriousness and gravity has to be taken
into consideration. The appellate court
should bear in mind the presumption of
innocence of the accused, and further,
that the trial court's acquittal bolsters
the presumption of his innocence.
Interference with the decision of the
Trial Court in a casual or cavalier
manner where the other view is possible
should be avoided, unless there are good
reasons for such interference.”
(emphasis supplied by this Court)
The said view is further reiterated by this Court
in the case of Rathinam @ Rathinam V. State of
Tamil Nadu & Anr.8 The relevant para 30 reads thus:
“30. It is now beyond dispute that
interference in such an appeal should be
made sparingly in a situation where the
findings of the High Court are perverse
and not possible on the evidence and if
two views are possible the one leading to
acquittal should not be disturbed. The
presumption of innocence which is always
raised in favour of an accused is further
strengthened by an acquittal and bolsters
the claim of the accused. The aforesaid
time-honoured principles have been
recently set out in the judgment of this
Court in Arulvelu and Anr. v. State....”
(emphasis supplied by this Court)
28. In the instant case, the High Court is not
justified in holding PW-6 and PW-17 are as
reliable witnesses after re-appreciating the
evidence on record when there is absence of
manifest illegality and perversity in the
acquittal order passed by the Trial Court.
29. A careful reading of the evidence on record clearly
8 (2011) 11 SCC 140
highlights the material contradictions and
discrepancies in the prosecution evidence
especially the testimonies of Mathai (PW-6) and
Eldose (PW-17) upon which strong reliance has been
placed by the High Court in convicting both the
appellants by setting aside the acquittal order
passed by the Trial Court. From the testimony of
PW-6 one thing is clear that he is a chance witness
who happened to have witnessed the incident by
chance. It is a well settled legal principle that
the evidence of a chance witness cannot be brushed
aside simply because he is a chance witness but his
presence at the place of occurrence must be
satisfactorily explained by the prosecution so as
to make his testimony free from doubt and thus,
reliable . This Court in the case of Jarnail Singh
v. State of Punjab (2009) 9 SCC 719
has elaborately explained the
reliability of a chance witness as under:
“21. In Sachchey Lal Tiwari v. State of
U.P. this Court while considering the
evidentiary value of the chance witness
in a case of murder which had taken place
in a street and passerby had deposed that
he had witnessed the incident, observed
as under:
If the offence is committed in
a street only passer-by will be the
witness. His evidence cannot be
brushed aside lightly or viewed
with suspicion on the ground that
he was a mere chance witness.
However, there must be an
explanation for his presence there.
The Court further explained that the
expression “chance witness” is borrowed
from countries where every man's home is
considered his castle and every one must
have an explanation for his presence
elsewhere or in another man's castle. It
is quite unsuitable an expression in a
country like India where people are less
formal and more casual, at any rate in
the matter of explaining their presence.
22. The evidence of a chance witness
requires a very cautious and close
scrutiny and a chance witness must
adequately explain his presence at the
place of occurrence (Satbir v. Surat
Singh, Harjinder Singh v. State of
Gujarat, Acharaparambath Pradeepan and
Anr. v. State of Kerala and Sarvesh
Narain Shukla v. Daroga Singh).
Deposition of a chance witness whose
presence at the place of incident remains
doubtful should be discarded
(vide Shankarlal v. State of
Rajasthan).”
(emphasis supplied by this Court)
30. However, in the instant case, the presence of PW-6,
a chance witness, at the place of occurrence is not
free from doubt. PW-6 in his testimony has stated
that he along with PW-5 while proceeding from
Rajakkad to Kuthungal at about 11.45 pm witnessed
the occurrence. He has accounted for his presence
at the place of occurrence by stating thus:
“PW-5 Thomas asked me a loan of Rs.
500/-. He requested for money 5/6 days
back. I had agreed to pay him the money,
as soon as I get it from the contractor.
Had not stated, when would I get the
money. After asking me for a loan, he
reminded me about it twice. Had told
Thomas that we would meet at Rajakkad. I
went to Rajakkad, reaching there at 6.00
am along with PW-5 I went to the
contractor K.S’s office. The contractor
is K.S. Kunju Mohammed. Had met PW-5
Thomas that day. That was at Rajakkad. We
sat at the room of K.S. for an hour. We
spent there from 6.00pm to 7.00pm. Since
we could not meet K.S we went to the
cinema at the nearby theatre. After the
show was over, we again went to the room
of K.S. K.S could not be met. We took
food from fast food (thattukada) shop.
After that when we were going home, we
witnessed incident.”
However, PW-5 has not supported this version of
PW-6. PW-5 in his testimony has stated that he did
not witness anything. Further, the deposition of
PW-6 is full of contradictions. On the one hand he
says:
“...Two persons were standing in the
field. One among them was searching for
something. After a while a head came out
of slush. A person wearing shirt again
pushed the head into the slush forcibly.
A-1 standing in the dock was the person
without shirt, and A-2 is the person who
was wearing the shirt who pushed the head
into the slush) is in the dock.”
On the other hand, while deposing he says:
“...I had no personal knowledge when I
left as to who attacked whom.”
31. Further, the conduct of PW-6 in not disclosing the
incident either to police or to anyone in the
village creates a suspicion and renders his version
of the incident is doubtful. PW-6 according to his
testimony left the place of occurrence quietly and
did not inform about the incident to anyone. The
relevant portion from his testimony reads thus:
“...I did not tell anybody at anybody at
the house what all I saw then. I did not
make any noise (cry out); nor did I
attempt to save the drowning person.
Before telling the police, I had not
spoken about the event to anybody else.
That was on the next day at the scene of
occurrence...
xx xx xxPage 27
27
...Except for the statement to the
police, I am speaking about the
occurrence only before the court now. If
I were not questioned by the police, I
would not have spoken about the
occurrence which I saw to anybody else. I
went to the scene of occurrence and stood
there. That was on the next day. Police
invited those who had seen the occurrence
to come forward and state the facts. At
this juncture, I went forward and
explained the facts.”
From the aforesaid evidence, it is clear that PW-6
has acted in an unnatural manner. In this backdrop
this Court is of the opinion that the learned
senior counsel for both the appellants has rightly
pointed out that this unusual behaviour on the part
of PW-6 in not telling anyone about the incident of
murder which he allegedly witnessed certainly casts
a serious doubt upon his testimony. Therefore, the
Trial Court has rightly rejected the evidence of
PW-6 stating that the same is highly unreliable as
it has failed to inspire confidence with regard to
the presence of PW-6 at the place of occurrence at
the time of incident. Hence, the Trial Court has
rightly held thus:Page 28
28
“6....His conduct in immediately not
disclosing the fact that he witnessed the
murder to anybody casts a suspicion on his
veracity...According to PW-6 he had walked
3.5 kms at about midnight and reached the
place of occurrence when the incident was
happening and without making any attempt to
prevent the murder he just proceeded to his
house still 3.5 kms away by walk. In the
considered opinion of this court the above
evidence of PW-6 does not inspire
confidence. It will be highly unsafe to rely
upon the evidence of PW-6.”
32. As far as evidence of PW-17 is concerned, it is
clear from the material placed on record that he is
not an eye-witness to the incident. The Trial Court
has rightly dealt with the evidence of PW-17 as
under:
“7. PW 17 is the other witness who has
given incriminating evidence against the
accused. According to him he had resided
at the vicinity of the place of occurrence
at the relevant period. On the date of
occurrence namely on 19.7.00 at about 10
pm the deceased came to his house with two
bags. The deceased told him that he was
going to live together with his lover
Smitha (PW2). At about 11 pm he went away
with the two bags. After sometime the
deceased and PW2 Smitha came there. Then
he and his wife were standing near the way
near their house as directed by the
deceased. The deceased and PW2 bid
farewell and went away and PW 17 and wife
returned to their house and slept. After
about one hour somebody knocked on the
door and PW17 opened the door and saw the
discharged accused. Thressiamma who is the
mother of accused No.1 there. Then
Thressiama told him that they were going
to hospital with Shajan (A2). She
requested PW 17 to come to her house. She
further told that their child had eloped
with one person and they had killed him.
PW 17 went to the house of the accused.
Then he saw PW 2 (Smitha) standing there
weeping. There was mud on her body. Smitha
told that Jojo Chettayi was killed by
father and brother. PW 17 immediately went
to the paddy field and saw the body of the
deceased. He again went to the house of
the accused. Then the discharged accused
Thressiamma gave some money to accused No.
1. After getting the money the accused
persons went away.
8. The above is the circumstantial
evidence furnished by PW 17 Eldhose
against the accused. Of course the
statements attributed by him to
Thressiamma and Smitha cannot be covered
by any section of the Evidence
Act/concerned with the relevancy of facts
and so the said statements cannot be
considered legal evidence. PW 17 was very
vehemently cross examined on behalf of the
accused. He admitted that immediately
after the occurrence he himself and family
left the place and shifted his residence
to a place named Thalakode which is 80 kms
away from the place of occurrence. He
admitted that for the next 5 days of the
occurrence himself and his wife were not
present in the house. Immediately after
that they shifted resident to the place 80
kms away from the place of occurrence. The
suggestion by the defence to this witness
is that the deceased had two bags a
considerable amount of money and some gold
ornaments were with him and PW 17 is
involved in the death of the deceased. Of
course PW 17 denied the said suggestion.
From the evidence of PWs 13 to 15 who are
the father, mother and brother of the
deceased it is clear that the deceased had
some ornaments and a considerable amount
of money with him. He had bags also with
him. The bags and the money have not been
recovered by the investigating agency. The
prosecution has no case that the accused
persons murdered the deceased for taking
these valuable. The strange conduct of PW
17 in leaving the locality immediately
after the occurrence and shifting his
residence from there to far away place 80
kms from the place of occurrence is
suspicious. Of course in re-examination
the prosecution has made desperate attempt
to bring out from him that as the accused
threatened him he shifted his residence.
But he has not stated such a very
important fact before police and the said
omission obviously amounts a material
contradicting and so above version of
threat from the accused cannot be relied
upon. As already mentioned above the
conduct of PW 17 in immediately going into
a sort of abscondence for the ensuing 5
day of the murder and there after shifting
his residence to a distance of 80kms
appears to be very suspicious. Further
admittedly the relatives of accused etc.
are residing in the neighbourhood. PW 17
admitted that he did not report these
facts to any of them. Considering all
these facts and circumstances this court
is of the view that it will be highly
unsafe to act upon the evidence against
the accused furnished by PW 17 Eldhose.”
(emphasis laid by this Court)
33. Further the fact that the age of injuries present
on the person of PW-2 and appellant no.2 matches
with the approximate time of incident in no way
carves out an active role on the part of both the
appellants in commission of murder of Jojo.
34. The material evidence on record does not reveal
anything which incriminates both the appellants.
Further, the depositions of parents of the deceased
i.e., PW-13 and PW-14 in no way implicate both the
appellants as the offenders. Rest of the
prosecution witnesses have turned hostile and have
not supported the prosecution story on material
facts to show that both the appellants are involved
in the crime as alleged against them.
35. In the instant case, the prosecution has failed to
prove the guilt of both the appellants beyond
reasonable doubt. Though the prosecution witnesses
Nos. 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,18,29,20,21 and 23
have turned hostile, their alleged statements made
to the police under Section 161 of CrPC were not
confronted to them and marked as exhibits and
further the I.O. has not spoken in his evidence
anything about the alleged statements of the above
hostile witnesses recorded under Section 161 as
held by this Court in three Judge Bench in the case
of V.K. Mishra v. State of Uttarakhand10. Thus,
placing reliance upon their statements under
Section 161 by the High Court to record the finding
of conviction is erroneous in law. The High Court
has failed to appreciate the same in arriving
at different conclusion other than the Trial Court
in exercise of its appellate jurisdiction.
Therefore, the impugned judgment and
order passed by the High Court must be set aside by
this Court in exercise of its appellate
jurisdiction.
36. For the reasons stated supra, this criminal appeal
is allowed. The impugned judgment and order dated
10 (2015) 9 SCC 588 (paras 16-19)Page 33
33
09.06.2009 passed by the High Court of Kerala at
Ernakulam in Criminal appeal No. 1898 of 2005 is
set aside and the judgment and order of acquittal
passed by the Trial Court is restored. Both the
accused-appellants are acquitted of all the charges
levelled against them. Since both the appellants
are in jail, the jail authorities are directed to
release them forthwith if they are not required in
connection with any other case.
…………………………………………………………J.
[V. GOPALA GOWDA]
…………………………………………………………J.
[R.K. AGRAWAL]
New Delhi,
26th July, 2016
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