According to Article 36, the term ‘State’ has the same meaning as in Part III (Article 12).
Article 37: It states that the Directive Principles are non-justiciable. Nevertheless, Article 37 itself says that these principles are fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.
Socialist principles
Article 38: Directs the state to promote social, economic, and political justice. And minimise inequalities in income, status, and opportunities (Added through the 44th Amendment Act (AA) of 1978).
– Article 39: The State shall direct its policy toward securing
(a) the right to adequate means of livelihood for all Citizens,
(b) equitable distribution of material resources,
(c) prevention of the concentration of wealth and means of production,
(d) equal pay for men and women,
(e) preservation of the health and strength of workers and children against forcible abuse.
(f) Opportunities for the healthy development of children (42nd AA of 1976).
– Article 39A: Emphasizes equal justice and free legal aid to all citizens, irrespective of economic or other disabilities. (42nd AA of 1976).
– Article 41: To secure the right to work, education, and assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness, and disablement.
– Article 42: Make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
– Article 43: Secure a living wage, fair remuneration, and decent working conditions for workers.
– Article 43A: Secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments, or other organization's engaged in any industry. (42nd AA of 1976).
Article 46: Promotes the educational and economic interests of weaker sections.
– Article 47: To raise the level of nutrition, the standard of living of people, and the improvement of public health.
Gandhian Principles
– Article 40: This article emphasizes the organization of village panchayats and promotes their empowerment as institutions of local self-government.
– Article 43: To promote cottage industries to ensure economic development and self-reliance at the rural level.
– Article 43B: To promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control, and professional management of cooperative societies (97th AA of 2011).
– Article 46: It emphasizes the protection and promotion of the educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other weaker sections of society.
– Articles 47: To prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health.
– Article 48: To prohibit the slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and draught cattle and to improve their breeds.
Liberals Principles
– Article 39: DPSP emphasises the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women.
– Article 44: Secure the Uniform Civil Code for all citizens.
– Article 45: Provide free and compulsory education to children up to the age of 14 years. The 86th Amendment Act of 2002 modified Article 45, making elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21A.
– Article 48: To organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines.
– Article 48A: To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife. (42nd AA of 1976).
– Article 49: To protect every monument or place of national importance from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, etc.
Article 50: Separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.
Article 51: Promote international peace and security, maintain just and honourable relations between nations, foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
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