Types of Custodial Death:
Death in Police Custody: Death in police custody can result from excessive force, torture, denial of medical care, or other forms of abuse.
Death in Judicial Custody: Death in judicial custody may occur due to overcrowding, poor hygiene, lack of medical facilities, inmate violence, or suicide.
Death in the Custody of Army or Paramilitary Forces: Can happen through torture, extra-judicial killings, encounters, or crossfire incidents.
Introduction
The Law Commission of India has played a pivotal role in reforming India's legal framework, including addressing critical issues such as custodial torture. Torture, particularly in police custody, remains a grave concern in India, undermining constitutional protections and human rights. While India is a signatory to the United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT), it has yet to ratify it, leaving gaps in its domestic legal framework. The Law Commission has made significant recommendations to bridge these gaps and align India's laws with international standards.
The Law Commission of India has addressed torture through various reports, most notably its 273rd Report (2017) and 152nd Report (1994), which proposed comprehensive reforms to prevent custodial torture and ensure accountability.
