Monday 4 May 2015

Issue of false certificate -when offence U/S 420 of IPC is not made out?


Criminal - Conviction - Challenge thereto - Sections 177 and 420 of Indian Penal Code, 1860 - Present appeal filed against order whereby Appellant was convicted for offences of cheating and furnishing false information - Whether conviction and sentence of Appellant under Sections 420 and 177 of Code was sustainable - Held, Appellant being Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat issued false certificate in favour of Co-Accused that he did not own any land except land which he made fit for cultivation - Appellant furnished information which he knew to be false - Therefore, ingredients of Section 177 of Code were proved - However, there was no evidence to show that there was such fraudulent dishonest intention on part of Appellant in issuing certificate - Issuance of false certificate could not be said to be with dishonest intention to make wrongful gain for himself - Therefore, conviction of Appellant under Section 420 of Code could not be sustained and same was set aside - Appeal disposed of. 


SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
(T.S. THAKUR AND R. BANUMATHI, JJ.)
BISHAN DAS

VERSUS
STATE OF PUNJAB AND ANR.
Respondents
Criminal Appeal No. 1837 of 2014 (Arising out of S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 2331/2014)-Decided on 26-8-2014.
Citation;2015CriLJ281, 2014(4)Crimes181(SC),2015 ALLSCR861

2. This appeal is preferred against the judgment of Punjab and Haryana High Court dated 18.12.2013
passed in Criminal Revision No. 3982/2013 confirming the conviction of the appellant under Sections
420 and 177 IPC as ordered by the Appellate Court.
3. The case of the prosecution in brief is that the appellant was Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat, Baurhi. The
charge against the appellant is that the appellant had knowingly issued a false certificate in favour of Lal
Chand that he did not own any property except the land which he had made fit for cultivation, though Lal
Chand had owned 13 kanals and 13 marlas of land situated in village Baruhi and his wife owned 70
kanals of land in village Baruhi. Based on the said false certificate pretending to be the landless person,
Lal Chand sought allotment of land and on the basis of the certificate, land was allotted to Lal Chand. The
appellant along with the co-accused Lal Chand was charged for the offences under Sections 420, 465,
467, 468, 471 and 120B IPC and the trial court convicted the appellant for the aforesaid offences and
imposed various sentences inter alia two years rigorous imprisonment for the offence under Section 420
IPC.
4. In the appeal, the Addl. Sessions Judge, Hoshiarpur, set aside the conviction of the appellant under
Sections 465, 467, 468, 471 and 120B IPC but convicted the appellant for the offences under Sections
420 and 177 IPC and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment of one year and six months
respectively and ordered them to run concurrently. In the revision preferred before the High Court, the
High Court has upheld the conviction and sentence of the appellant as aforesaid.
5. We have heard the learned counsel for the parties. The point falling for consideration is whether the
conviction and sentence of the appellant under Sections 420 and 177 IPC is sustainable.
6. Section 177 IPC deals with giving of false information. The ingredients of Section 177 IPC are :-
(i) That a person must be legally bound to furnish information on a particular subject to a public
servant.

(ii) That he must furnish, as true, information on that subject which he knows or has reason to
believe to be false.
7. The appellant being a Sarpanch of Gram Panchayat was legally bound to give correct information and
bound to issue a correct certificate. Though Lal Chand owned 13 kanals 13 marlas and his wife also
owned lands in village Baruhi, the appellant issued false certificate in favour of Lal Chand that he does
not own any land except the land which he has made fit for cultivation and thus furnished the information
which he knew to be false. Based on the revenue records, the trial court recorded factual findings that Lal
Chand and his wife totally owned 83 kanals 14 marlas of land. The appellant knowingly issued the false
certificate in favour of Lal Chand containing false information and the ingredients of Section 177 IPC are
proved and we find no reason to interfere with the conviction of the appellant under Section 177 IPC.
8. In so far as the conviction of the appellant under Section 420 IPC, is concerned, the appellate court
convicted the appellant under Section 420 IPC, on the finding that the appellant issued the certificate in
favour of Lal Chand with dishonest intention of getting allotment of land for the said Lal Chand and by
getting the allotment, the same was also achieved.
9. The essential ingredients to attract Section 420 IPC are :
(i) cheating;
(ii) dishonest inducement to deliver property or to make, alter or destroy any valuable security or
anything which is sealed or is capable of being converted into a valuable security and
(iii) mens rea of the accused at the time of making the inducement.
There is no evidence to show that there was such fraudulent dishonest intention on the part of the
appellant in issuing certificate in favour of Lal Chand. Issuance of false certificate cannot be said to be
with dishonest intention to make wrongful gain for himself. Since the ingredients of Section 420 IPC are
not proved, the conviction of the appellant under Section 420 IPC, cannot be sustained and the same is set
aside.
10. For conviction under Section 177 IPC, the appellate court has awarded the sentence of imprisonment
of six months which was confirmed by the High Court. It was submitted that allotment of land to Lal
Chand was also cancelled, which, in our view has to be taken into consideration while considering the
question of sentence imposed on the appellant. The appellant is said to have already undergone the
sentence for a period of 51/2 months. For the conviction under Section 177 IPC, the sentence of
imprisonment imposed on the appellant is modified to the period already undergone. The appellant is on
bail, his bail bonds shall stand discharged. The appeal stands disposed of accordingly.

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