Thursday 13 May 2021

Can the court grant the benefit of the probation of offenders Act to accused of offences that provide mandatory minimum sentence?

 We are of the view that the corollary to the aforesaid legal decisions ends with a conclusion that the benefit of probation under the said Act is not excluded by the provisions of the mandatory minimum sentence under Section 397 of IPC, the offence in the present case. In fact, the observation made in Joginder Singh vs. State of Punjab13 are in the same context.{Para 13}

 Reportable

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CRIMINAL APPEAL NOs.47-48 OF 2021

LAKHVIR SINGH ETC. Vs  THE STATE OF PUNJAB & ANR. 

Author: SANJAY KISHAN KAUL, J.

Dated: JANUARY 19, 2021.

1. The appellants were youngsters aged 20 and 19 years when they fell foul of the law. On 14.02.2003, at around 7.30 p.m., the appellants

alongwith co-accused Gurpreet Singh1 approached the complainant – PW1

to hire a taxi to go to a village. Enroute, when at their behest the car was

stopped, Gurpreet Singh caught hold of the complainant and the appellant

1 He faced trial before a Juvenile Court.


Jagdeep Singh took a dagger and inflicted 6-7 injuries on PW1’s forehead.

Appellant Lakhvir Singh inflicted 2-3 injuries on his abdomen and 1 injury

on his neck using a knife. The complainant was thrown out of his taxi and

the three people fled with the taxi. In pursuance to the reporting of the

crime by complainant, an FIR was registered on 15.02.2003 under Section

382 and Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC. Knife and dagger were

recovered alongwith the taxi and the trial Court framed charges under

Section 397 IPC. Post trial, the appellants were convicted by the trial

Court vide judgment dated 8.1.2005 and sentenced to undergo Rigorous

Imprisonment of 7 years each.

2. The appeal preferred by the appellants has been dismissed by the

impugned judgment dated 24.10.2019.

3. The appellants approached this Court by a special leave petition.

Annexed thereto, the compromise deed arrived at between the complainant

Amrik Singh and the appellants before us, in terms whereof the

complainant has stated that he did not want to pursue any action against the

appellants and has no objection to their release on bail or acquittal. The appellants have already served about 50% of their sentence while in custody.

4. On 3.12.2020, this Court while recording the aforesaid plea, issued

notice on the SLP and on the prayer for interim relief of bail while

simultaneously impleading the complainant as the 2nd respondent. On 18.12.2020, counsel for the State and respondent no. 2 entered appearance and counsel for respondent no.2 confirmed that the dispute had been amicably resolved. However, counsel for respondent no.1 submitted that the minimum sentence provided by the statute under Section 397 is 7 years and the same cannot be reduced below that period. On this submission,

learned counsel for the appellants sought benefit under the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act’. It is on the limited conspectus of the aforesaid aspect that on 11.01.2021, we granted leave and reserved the judgment upon conclusion of arguments and the parties having filed their respective synopsis.

The legal position

5. The plea of the learned counsel for the State respondent no.1 is based on the judgment of this Court in the case of State of Madhya Pradesh v. Vikram Das (2019) 4 SCC 125. opining that the courts cannot impose less than the minimum sentence prescribed by the statute. He thus seeks continuing detention of

the appellants to serve out the remaining sentence. On the other hand,

learned counsel for the appellants has sought the benefit under the said Act

in view of the age of the appellants when the offence was committed.

6. We may notice that the Statement of Objects and Reasons of the said

Act explains the rationale for the enactment and its amendments: to give

the benefit of release of offenders on probation of good conduct instead of

sentencing them to imprisonment. Thus, increasing emphasis on the

reformation and rehabilitation of offenders as useful and self-reliant

members of society without subjecting them to the deleterious effects of

jail life is what is sought to be subserved. Section 6 of the said Act, as per

its own title, provides for restrictions on imprisonment of offenders under

twenty-one years of age. The said provision reads as under:

“6. Restrictions on imprisonment of offenders under

twenty-one years of age.—(1) When any person under

twenty-one years of age is found guilty of having

committed an offence punishable with imprisonment

(but not with imprisonment for life), the court by which

the person is found guilty shall not sentence him to

imprisonment unless it is satisfied that, having regard to

the circumstances of the case including the nature of the

offence and the character of the offender, it would not

be desirable to deal with him under section 3 or section

4, and if the court passes any sentence of imprisonment

on the offender, it shall record its reasons for doing so.

(2) For the purpose of satisfying itself whether it

would not be desirable to deal under section 3 or section

4 with an offender referred to in sub-section (1), the

court shall call for a report from the probation officer

and consider the report, if any, and any other

information available to it relating to the character and

physical and mental condition of the offender.”

7. A view was taken by a 4-judge bench of this Court in Ramji Missar vs. State of Bihar,AIR 1963 SC 1088. while seeking to apply the said provision to offenders who were under the age of 21 years on the date of sentencing and not on the date of commission of offence. In Masarullah v. State of Tamil Nadu (1982) 3 SCC 458there are observations to the effect that “in case of an offender under the age of twenty one years on the date of commission of the offence, the Court is expected ordinarily to give benefit of the provisions of the Act and there is an embargo on the power of the Court to award sentence unless the Court considers otherwise, 'having regard to the circumstances of the case including nature of the offence and the character of the offender', and reasons for awarding sentence have to be recorded. Considerations relevant

to the adjudication of this aspect are, circumstances of the case, nature- of the offence and character of the offender. It is, therefore, necessary to keep in view the afore-mentioned three aspects while deciding whether the appellant should be granted the benefit of the provisions of the Act.” But in the subsequent judgment in Sudesh Kumar v. State of Uttarakhand5 the judgment of the four Judge Bench in Ramji Missar (supra) was noted as possibly having escaped attention. Thus, the legal position was clarified as the one being reflected in Ramji Missar (supra). The rationale is that the

underlying purpose of the provision being reformative – Section 6 being a special provision enacted to prevent the confinement of young persons under 21 years of age in jail, to protect them from the pernicious influence of hardened criminals.6 In the facts of the present case, the appellants are

stated to be below 21 years of age as on the date of offence. The

sentencing order was passed by the trial Court noting that the appellants

committed an offence of serious nature against a poor person and were thus

disentitled from the benefits under the said Act or under Section 360

Cr.P.C.

5 (2008) 3 SCC 111

6 Ishar Das v. State of Punjab, (1973) 2 SCC 65, pr.7

6

8. In Satyabhan Kishore v. State of Bihar,7 this Court had noted the

distinction between Section 6, which is in the nature of an injunction for

courts to follow as distinct from Section 3 or 4 of the Act; which are

discretionary in nature. The relevant provisions read as under:

“3. Power of court to release certain offenders after

admonition.—When any person is found guilty of

having committed an offence punishable under section

379 or section 380 or section 381 or section 404 or

section 420 of the Indian Penal Code, (45 of 1860) or

any offence punishable with imprisonment for not more

than two years, or with fine, or with both, under the

Indian Penal Code or any other law, and no previous

conviction is proved against him and the court by which

the person is found guilty is of opinion that, having

regard to the circumstances of the case including the

nature of the offence, and the character of the offender,

it is expedient so to do, then, notwithstanding anything

contained in any other law for the time being in force,

the court may, instead of sentencing him to any

punishment or releasing him on probation of good

conduct under section 4, release him after due

admonition.

Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,

previous conviction against a person shall include any

previous order made against him under this section or

section 4.

4. Power of court to release certain offenders on

probation of good conduct.—(1) When any person is

found guilty of having committed an offence not

7 (1972) 3 SCC 350.

7

punishable with death or imprisonment for life and the

court by which the person is found guilty is of opinion

that, having regard to the circumstances of the case

including the nature of the offence and the character of

the offender, it is expedient to release him on probation

of good conduct, then, notwithstanding anything

contained in any other law for the time being in force,

the court may, instead of sentencing him at once to any

punishment direct that he be released on his entering

into a bond, with or without sureties, to appear and

receive sentence when called upon during such period,

not exceeding three years, as the court may direct, and

in the meantime to keep the peace and be of good

behaviour:

Provided that the court shall not direct such

release of an offender unless it is satisfied that the

offender or his surety, if any, has a fixed place of abode

or regular occupation in the place over which the court

exercises jurisdiction or in which the offender is likely

to live during the period for which he enters into the

bond.

(2) Before making any order under sub-section

(1), the court shall take into consideration the report, if

any, of the probation officer concerned in relation to the

case.

(3) When an order under sub-section (1) is made,

the court may, if it is of opinion that in the interests of

the offender and of the public it is expedient so to do, in

addition pass a supervision order directing that the

offender shall remain under the supervision of a

probation officer named in the order during such period,

not being less than one year, as may be specified

therein, and may in such supervision order impose such

conditions as it deems necessary for the due supervision

of the offender.

8

(4) The court making a supervision order under

sub-section (3) shall require the offender, before he is

released, to enter into a bond, with or without sureties,

to observe the conditions specified in such order and

such additional conditions with respect to residence,

abstention from intoxicants or any other matter as the

court may, having regard to the particular

circumstances, consider fit to impose for preventing a

repetition of the same offence or a commission of other

offences by the offender.

(5) The court making a supervision order under

sub-section (3) shall explain to the offender the terms

and conditions of the order and shall forthwith furnish

one copy of the supervision order to each of the

offenders, the sureties, if any, and the probation officer

concerned.”

In the case of the appellants, Section 3 would have no application taking

into consideration nature of offence. However, Section 4 could come to the

aid of the appellants as the offence committed, of which they have been

found guilty, is not punishable with death or imprisonment for life.

However, the trial court opined against the appellants. We may also note

that the “notwithstanding” contained in Section 4 permits, despite anything

contained in any other law for the time being in force, the court to release a

person on bond, with or without sureties, for a period of 3 years instead of

sentencing him in order to ensure that he keeps peace and good behaviour.

9

In this regard, under sub-section (2), before making any order under subsection

(1), the court is required to take into consideration the report, if any,

of the probation officer concerned in relation to the case.

9. We may note that the aforesaid is distinct from Section 6 as it is

discretionary in nature while Section 6 provides that a court “must not”

sentence a person under the age of 21 years to imprisonment unless

sufficient reasons for the same are recorded, based on due consideration of

the probation officer’s report. The relevant aspects while giving benefit

under Section 6 of the Act are: the nature of offence, the character of the

offender, and the surrounding circumstances as recorded in the probation

officer’s report.8

10. We may notice that since we are concerned with the appellants who

were under 21 years of age on the date of the offence and not on the date of

conviction, Section 6 would not come to their aid. In a subsequent

judgment of this Court9, it was noted that in Masarullah (supra), this Court

had calculated the age of the convict as on the date of commission of the

offence incorrectly and there has been no discussion of the potential tension

8 Masarullah vs. State of Tamil Nadu, 1982 3 SCC 458, pr.6.

9 Sudesh Kumar vs. State of Uttarakhand, (2008) 3 SCC 111.

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between grant of probation under the Act and the mandatory minimum

sentence of 7 years under Section 397 of the IPC.

11. The legal position insofar as invocation of Section 4 is concerned has been analysed in Ishar Das vs. State of Punjab (1973) 2 SCC 65. elucidating that nonobstante clause in Section 4 of the Act reflected the legislative intent that provisions of the Act have effect notwithstanding any other law in force at that time. The observation in Ramji Missar (supra) was cited with approval to the effect that in case of any ambiguity, the beneficial provisions of the Act should receive wide interpretation and should not be read in a restricted sense.

12. The aforesaid aspect is confirmed by the wording of the said Act

which reads as under:

“18. Saving of operation of certain enactments. —

Nothing in this Act shall affect the provisions of section

31 of the Reformatory Schools Act, 1897 (8 of 1897), or

sub-section (2) of section 5 of the Prevention of

Corruption Act, 1947 (2 of 1947), or of any law in force

in any State relating to juvenile offenders or Borstal

Schools.”

13. Even though, Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the PC Act’) prescribes a minimum sentence of imprisonment for not less than 1 year, an exception was carved out keeping in mind the application of the Act. In Ishar Das (supra), this Court noted that if the object of the legislature was that the Act does not apply to all cases where a minimum sentence of imprisonment is prescribed, there was no reason to specifically provide an exception for Section 5(2) of the PC Act. The fact that Section 18 of the Act does not include any other such offences where a mandatory minimum sentence has been prescribed suggests that the Act may be invoked in such other offences. A more nuanced interpretation on this aspect was given in CCE vs. Bahubali (1979) 2 SCC 279.. It was opined that the Act may not apply in cases where a specific law enacted after 1958 prescribes a mandatory minimum sentence, and the law contains a non-obstante clause. Thus, the benefits of the Act did not apply in case of mandatory minimum sentences prescribed by special legislation enacted after the Act. State vs. Ratan Lal Arora, (2004) 4 SCC 590. It is in this context, it was observed in State of Madhya Pradesh vs. Vikram Das (Supra) that the court cannot award a sentence less than the mandatory sentence prescribed by the statute. We are of the view that the corollary to the aforesaid legal decisions ends with a conclusion that the benefit of probation under the said Act is not excluded by the provisions of the mandatory minimum sentence under Section 397 of IPC, the offence in the present case. In fact, the observation made in Joginder Singh vs. State of Punjab13 are in the same context.

The factual position

14. The facts of the present case are that the appellants have not served

out the minimum sentence of 7 years though they have served about half

the sentences. They were aged under 19 & 21 years of age as on the date

of offence but not on the date of sentence. The redeeming feature in their

case is that the person who suffered, appears to have forgiven them,

possibly with the passage of time. There is no adverse report against them

about their conduct in jail otherwise the same would have been brought to

our notice by learned counsel for the State. Faced with the aforesaid legal

position, this is a fit case that the benefit of probation can be extended to

the appellants under the said act in view of the provisions of Section 4 of the said Act on completion of half the sentence.

13 ILR (1981) P&H 1

13

15. We, thus, release the appellants on probation of good conduct under Section 4 of the said Act on their completion of half the sentence and on

their entering into a bond with two sureties each to ensure that they

maintain peace and good behaviour for the remaining part of their sentence,

failing which they can be called upon to serve that part of the sentence.

16. The appeals are disposed of in the aforesaid terms leaving the parties

to bear their own costs.

……..……………………………….J.

[SANJAY KISHAN KAUL]

……..……………………………….J.

[HRISHIKESH ROY]

NEW DELHI.

JANUARY 19, 2021.


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