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2. Definitions.—In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—
(a) “degree of prohibited relationship” shall have the same meaning as in the Special Marriage Act, 1954 (43 of 1954);
(b) “district”, in relation to a Marriage Officer, means the area within which the duties of his office are to be discharged;
(c) “foreign country” means a country or place outside India, and includes a ship which is for the time being in the territorial waters of such a country or place;
(d) “Marriage Officer” means a person appointed under Section 3 to be a Marriage Officer;
3. Marriage Officers.—For the purposes of this Act, the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint such of its diplomatic or consular officers as it may think fit to be Marriage Officers for any foreign country.
Explanation.—In this section, “diplomatic officer” means an ambassador, envoy, minister, high commissioner, commissioner charge-d'affaires or other diplomatic representative or a counsellor or secretary of an embassy, legation or high commission.
SOLEMNIZATION OF FOREIGN MARRIAGES
4. Conditions relating to solemnization of foreign marriages.—A marriage between parties one of whom at least is a citizen of India may be solemnized under this Act by or before a Marriage Officer in a foreign country, if, at the time of the marriage, the following conditions are fulfilled, namely:
(a) neither party has a spouse living,
(b) neither party is an idiot or a lunatic,
(c) the bridegroom has completed the age of twenty-one years and the bride the age of eighteen years at the time of the marriage, and
(d) the parties are not within the degrees of prohibited relationship:
Provided that where the personal law or a custom governing at least one of the parties permits of a marriage between them, such marriage may be solemnized, notwithstanding that they are within the degrees of prohibited relationship.
5. Notice of intended marriage.—When a marriage is intended to be solemnized under this Act, the parties to the marriage shall give notice thereof in writing in the form specified in the First Schedule to the Marriage Officer of the district in which at least one of the parties to the marriage has resided for a period of not less than thirty days immediately preceding the date on which such notice is given, and the notice shall state that the party has so resided.
7. Publication of notice.—Where a notice under Section 5 is given to the Marriage Officer, he shall cause it to be published—
(a) in his own office, by affixing a copy thereof to a conspicuous place, and
(b) in India and in the country or countries in which the parties are ordinarily resident, in the prescribed manner.
8. Objection to marriage.—(1) Any person may, before the expiration of thirty days from the date of publication of the notice under Section 7, object to the marriage on the ground that it would contravene one or more of the conditions specified in Section 4.
Explanation.—Where the publication of the notice by affixation under clause (a) of Section 7 and in the prescribed manner under clause (b) of that section is on different dates, the period of thirty days shall, for the purposes of this sub-section, be computed from the later date.
(2) Every such objection shall be in writing signed by the person making it or by any person duly authorised to sign on his behalf, and shall state the ground of objection; and the Marriage Officer shall record the nature of the objection in his Marriage Notice Book.
9. Solemnization of marriage where no objection made.—If no objection is made within the period specified in Section 8 to an intended marriage, then, on the expiry of that period, the marriage may be solemnized.
10. Procedure on receipt of objection.—(1) If an objection is made under Section 8 to an intended marriage, the Marriage Officer shall not solemnize the marriage until he has inquired into the matter of the objection in such manner as he thinks fit and is satisfied that it ought not to prevent the solemnization of the marriage if the objection is withdrawn by the person making it.
(2) Where a Marriage Officer after making any such inquiry entertains a doubt in respect of any objection, he shall transmit the record with such statement respecting the matter as he thinks fit to the Central Government; and the Central Government, after making such further inquiry into the matter and after obtaining such advice as it thinks fit, shall given its decision thereon in writing to the Marriage Officer, who shall act in confirmity with the decision of the Central Government.
11. Marriage not to be in contravention of local laws.—(1) The Marriage Officer may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, refuse to solemnize a marriage under this Act if the intended marriage is prohibited by any law in force in the foreign country where it is to be solemnized.
(2) The Marriage Officer may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, refuse to solemnize a marriage under this Act on the ground that, in his opinion, the solemnization of the marriage would be inconsistent with international law or the comity of nations.
(3) Where a Marriage Officer refuses to solemnize a marriage under this section, any party to the intended marriage may appeal to the Central Government in the prescribed manner within a period of thirty days from the date of such refusal; and the Marriage Officer shall act in conformity with the decision of the Central Government on such appeal.
12. Declaration by parties and witnesses.—Before the marriage is solemnized, the parties and three witnesses shall, in the presence of the Marriage Officer, sign a declaration in the form specified in the Second Schedule, and the declaration shall be countersigned by the Marriage Officer.
13. Place and form of solemnization.—A marriage by or before a Marriage Officer under this Act shall be solemnized at the official house of the Marriage Officer with open doors between the prescribed hours in the presence of at least three witnesses.
(2) The marriage may be solemnized in any form which the parties may choose to adopt:
Provided that it shall not be complete and binding on the parties unless each party declares to other in the presence of the Marriage Officer and the three witnesses and in any language understood by the parties,—”I, (A), to be my lawful wife (or husband)”:
Provided further that where the declaration referred to in the preceding proviso is made in any language which is not understood by the Marriage Officer or by any of the witnesses, either of the parties shall interpret or cause to be interpreted the declaration in a language which the Marriage Officer or, as the case may be, such witness understands.
14. Certificate of marriage.—(1) Whenever a marriage is solemnized under this Act, the Marriage Officer shall enter a certificate thereof in the form specified in the Third Schedule in a book to be kept by him for that purpose and to be called the Marriage Certificate Book, and such certificate shall be signed by the parties to the marriage and the three witnesses.
(2) On a certificate being entered in the Marriage Certificate Book by the Marriage Officer, the certificate shall be deemed to be conclusive evidence of the fact that a marriage under this Act has been solemnized, and that all formalities respecting the residence of the party concerned previous to the marriage and the signatures of witnesses have been complied with.
15. Validity of foreign marriages in India.—Subject to the other provisions contained in this Act, a marriage solemnized in the manner provided in this Act shall be good and valid in law.
16. New notice when marriage not solemnized within six months.—
REGISTRATION OF FOREIGN MARRIAGES SOLEMNIZED UNDER OTHER LAWS
17. Registration of foreign marriages.
MATRIMONIAL RELIEF IN RESPECT OF FOREIGN MARRIAGES
18. Matrimonial reliefs to be under Special Marriage Act, 1954.—(1) Subject to the other provisions contained in this section, the provisions of Chapters IV, V, VI and VII of the Special Marriage Act, 1954 (43 of 1954), shall apply in relation to marriages solemnized under this Act and to any other marriage solemnized in a foreign country between parties of whom one at least is a citizen of India as they apply in relation to marriages solemnized under that Act.
Explanation.—In its application to the marriages referred to in this sub-section, Section 24 of the Special Marriage Act, 1954 (43 of 1954), shall be subject to the following modifications, namely:—
(i) the reference in sub-section (1) thereof to clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) of Section 4 of that Act shall be construed as a reference to clauses (a), (b), (c) and (d) respectively of Section 4 of this Act, and
(ii) nothing contained in Section 24 aforesaid shall apply to any marriage—
(a) which is not solemnized under this Act; or
(b) which is deemed to be solemnized under this Act by reason of the provisions contained in Section 17:
(2) Every petition for relief under Chapter V or Chapter VI of the Special Marriage Act, 1954 (43 of 1954), as made applicable to the marriages referred to in sub-section (1), shall be presented to the district court within the local limits of whose ordinary civil jurisdiction—
(a) the respondent is residing at the time of the presentation of the petition; or
(b) the husband and wife last resided together; or
(c) the petitioner is residing at the time of the presentation of the petition provided that the respondent is at that time residing outside India.
Explanation.—In this section “district court” has the same meaning as in the Special Marriage Act, 1954 (43 of 1954),
(3) Nothing contained in this section shall authorise any court—
(a) to make any decree of dissolution of marriage, except where—
(i) the parties to the marriage are domiciled in India at the time of the presentation of the petition; or
(ii) the petitioner being the wife, was domiciled in India immediately before the marriage and has been residing in India for a period of not less than three years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition;
(b) to make any decree annulling a voidable marriage, except where—
(i) the parties to the marriage are domiciled in India at the time of the presentation of the petition; or
(ii) the marriage was solemnized under this Act and the petitioner, being the wife, has been ordinarily resident in India for a period of three years immediately preceding the presentation of the petition;
(c) to make any decree of nullity of marriage in respect of a void marriage, except where—
(i) either of the parties to the marriage is domiciled in India at the time of the presentation of the petition, or
(ii) the marriage was solemnized under this Act and the petitioner is residing in India at the time of the presentation of the petition;
(d) to grant any other relief under Chapter V or Chapter VI of the Special Marriage Act, 1954 (43 of 1954), except where the petitioner is residing in India at the time of the presentation of the petition.
(4) Nothing contained in sub-section (1) shall authorise any court to grant any relief under this Act in relation to any marriage in a foreign country not solemnized under it, if the grant of relief in respect of such marriage, [whether on any of the grounds specified in the Special Marriage Act, 1954 (43 of 1954), or otherwise] is provided for under any other law for the time being in force.
19. Punishment for bigamy.—(1) Any person whose marriage is solemnized or deemed to have been solemnized under this Act and who, during the subsistence of his marriage, contracts any other marriage in India shall be subject to the penalties provided in Section 494 and Section 495 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), and the marriage so contracted shall be void.
(2) The provisions of sub-section (1) apply also to any such offence committed by any citizen of India without and beyond India.
20. Punishment for contravention of certain other conditions for marriage.—Any citizen of India who procures a marriage of himself or herself to be solemnized under this Act in contravention of the condition specified in clause (c) or clause (d) of Section 4 shall be punishable—
(a) in the case of a contravention of the condition specified in clause (c) of Section 4, with simple imprisonment which may extend to fifteen days or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both; and
(b) in the case of a contravention of the condition specified in clause (d) of Section 4, with simple imprisonment which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.
21. Punishment for false declaration.—If any citizen of India for the purpose of procuring a marriage, intentionally—
(a) where a declaration is required by this Act, makes a false declaration; or
(b) where a notice or certificate is required by this Act, signs a false notice or certificate;
he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.
22. Punishment for wrongful action of Marriage Officer.
23. Recognition of marriages solemnized under law of other countries.—If the Central Government is satisfied that the law in force in any foreign country for the solemnization of marriages contains provisions similar to those contained in this Act, it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, declare that marriages solemnized under the law in force in such foreign country shall be recognized by courts in India as valid.
25. Certified copy of entries to be evidence.—Every certified copy purporting to be signed by the Marriage Officer of an entry of a marriage in the Marriage Certificate Book shall be received in evidence without production or proof of the original.
26. Correction of errors.—(1) Any Marriage Officer who discovers any error in the form or substance of any entry in the Marriage Certificate Book may, within one month next after the discovery of such error, in the presence of the persons married, or in case of their death or absence, in the presence of two other witnesses, correct the error by entry in the margin without any alteration of the original entry and add thereto the date of such correction.
(2) Every correction made under this section shall be attested by the witnesses in whose presence it was made.
27. Act not to affect validity of marriages outside it.—Nothing in this Act shall in any way affect the validity of a marriage solemnized in a foreign country otherwise than under this Act.
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