Topic 1: Juvenile Justice as a Distinct System - Should Juveniles Be Treated Differently from Adults?
Key
Points:
· Juveniles possess immature cognitive development and limited capacity for criminal intent
· Juvenile Justice Act 2015 emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment
· Separate Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) established; not regular criminal courts
· Constitutional mandate under Articles 15(3), 39(e)-(f), 21A supports special treatment.
· Parens patriae principle: State acts as guardian ensuring child's best interest.
· Child-friendly procedures with closed hearings and psychological evaluation
· Supreme Court directives prohibit jail detention except breast-feeding infants
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