LLM Notes: Important Notes on Juvenile Delinquency {Part 3}

 1) LLM Notes: Role of the Legal Profession in the Juvenile Justice System in India

https://www.lawweb.in/2025/05/llm-notes-role-of-legal-profession-in.html

2) LLM Notes: Law Relating to Juvenile Delinquency in India

https://www.lawweb.in/2025/05/llm-notes-law-relating-to-juvenile.html

3) LLM Notes: International Contribution of Organizations to Juvenile Justice in India

https://www.lawweb.in/2025/05/llm-notes-international-contribution-of.html

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LLM Notes : Concept of Child under the Constitution of India and IPC, distinction between neglected juvenile and delinquent juvenile

 Concept of Child under the Constitution of India and IPC

1. Constitutional Definition and Provisions

   • The Indian Constitution implicitly recognizes a child as every human being below the age of 18 years, consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC).

   • Fundamental rights ensure protection of children, including equality (Article 14), non-discrimination (Article 15), and right to life and dignity (Article 21).

   • Specific provisions for children include:

     • Article 21A: Free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years.

     • Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children below 14 years in hazardous occupations.

     • Directive Principles (Article 39(e) and (f)) mandate the state to protect children from exploitation and ensure their healthy development.

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LLM Notes: Neglected vs. Delinquent Juveniles in India: Legal and Social Perspectives

 Every child deserves safety, guidance, and a chance to thrive. Yet, under Indian law, juveniles who face hardship fall into two distinct categories—those who are neglected and those who are delinquent. Recognizing this difference is essential for legal practitioners, social workers, policymakers, and anyone committed to safeguarding young lives.

What Makes a Child “Neglected”?

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LLM Notes: Provisions of the Juvenile Justice Act Regarding Neglected Children in India

 Definition and Classification

• The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 defines a child as anyone below 18 years of age.

• The Act categorizes children into:

  • Child in conflict with law: A child alleged or found to have committed an offence.

  • Child in need of care and protection: Includes neglected children, as detailed below.

Who is a Neglected Child?

A neglected child falls under the broader category of "child in need of care and protection," defined in Section 2(14) of the Act. This includes a child:

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